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NOTE Paragraph

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The Gilded Age marked
the birth of modern America.

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The 1880s and the 1890s were years
of intense political partisanship,

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including disputes over currency,
tariffs, political corruption,

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patronage, and monopolistic
business trusts.

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American cities in the late 19th century
grew both horizontally and vertically,

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creating urban growth problems,

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along with new depictions
of cities and art in literature

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and the emergence of new forms
of urban entertainment.

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New communication technologies emerged --

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the phonograph,
the telephone, and the radio.

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Transportation technologies
were also improving

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with electric trains, trolleys,
and the automobile.

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Mass circulation newspapers
and magazines were also on the rise

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as well as new sports, including
basketball, bicycling, and football.

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Around the turn of the 20th century,

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mass immigration from
eastern and southern Europe

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dramatically altered the population's
ethnic and religious composition.

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Unlike earlier immigrants
who had come from

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Britain, Canada, Germany,
Ireland, and Scandinavia,

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the new immigrants came increasingly
from Hungary, Italy, Poland, and Russia.

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And this new immigrant influx would spark
an anti-immigrant reaction in America.